William also had difficult relations with the church. Thereafter, William maintained the Scottish kings as vassals. Malcolm revolted in November 1093, but William's forces crushed his army near Alnwick and Malcolm was killed. William faced opposition from Scotland and in 1091 he compelled Malcolm III, King of the Scots to acknowledge his overlordship. In 1096, Robert went on Crusade, mortgaging Normandy to William (for 10,000 marks), who raised the money by levying a heavy and much-resented tax in England. In 1089, he laid claim to Normandy and waged war against Robert, who he defeated and reduced to a subordinate role. But Robert failed to appear and the revolt soon collapsed. In 1088, William faced a baronial rebellion inspired by his uncle, Odo of Bayeux, in favour of Robert. ![]() He gave England to William, his third and favourite son, who was crowned in September 1087. At his death in 1087, William I bequeathed his original inheritance, the Duchy of Normandy, to his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William was born in around 1056 and almost nothing is known about his childhood. © Known as William Rufus because of his ruddy complexion, he was the third son of William the Conqueror (William I) and inherited the English throne from him.
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